Mixing and panning tracks
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You can adjust volume and panning per track on the left-hand side of any track:
You can access the Mixer Board via View > Mixer Board.
This shows all track controls side-by-side, with a volume slider on the left per track, as well as per-track volume meters.
By default, the icon for each track is the Audacity logo, but it can be changed if the track name contains the following keywords:
acoustic piano, acoustic pno = acoustic piano
back vocal, back vox, bg = backing vocal
electric piano, electric pno, key = electronic keyboard
loop = loop track
sax = saxophone
synth = synthesizer
trumpet, horn = generic brass instrument
turntable = record player
vibraphone, vibes = vibraphone
vocal, vox = lead vocal
Once you have your changes to mixing, panning and other real-time effects final and want to apply them onto the waveform itself, you can render the mix using Tracks > Mix > Mix and Render. This replaces all selected tracks with the mix. If you have used many tracks and real time effects, this may considerably improve performance.
Caution: When rendering, all tracks are added onto each other, which may cause clipping. If this happens, undo the mix and lower the volume for all of your tracks.
Best Practice: If you have a several stereo tracks, but don't need a stereo-effect for them (ie. any left/right panning), consider mixing down to mono using Tracks > Mix > Mix Stereo Down to Mono. Exporting a mono track to a lossy format (like MP3) will let you have a higher quality at the same bitrate, or let you use a lower bitrate (and thus lower file size) at the same bitrate.